Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education in Nigeria: Challenges and Way Forward

Abstract

This study explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education in Nigeria, examining its potential benefits, prevailing challenges, and the strategic way forward. In the wake of global technological advancement, AI has emerged as a transformative tool in the education sector, offering innovative solutions for personalized learning, administrative efficiency, predictive analytics, virtual instruction, academic research support, and campus security. Nigerian universities, however, continue to lag in AI adoption due to numerous systemic and structural barriers. The challenges identified include inadequate digital infrastructure, shortage of skilled personnel, high cost of implementation, resistance to change among staff, ethical and privacy concerns, and the absence of a comprehensive national policy framework. To address these challenges, the study proposes a multifaceted strategy, including increased investment in ICT infrastructure, capacity building for staff and students, creation of institutional and national AI policies, public-private partnerships, and a strong focus on ethical AI deployment. Emphasis is placed on inclusive change management, transparent data governance, and phased implementation models tailored to local realities. The study concludes that while challenges are significant, a well-coordinated and strategic approach can position Nigerian higher education institutions to fully leverage AI as a driver of educational transformation, innovation, and global competitiveness.